![]() For example, to make 100 mL of 50% alc/vol ethanol solution, water would be added to 50 mL of ethanol to make up exactly 100 mL. Volume fraction, which is widely used in chemistry (commonly denoted as v/v), is defined as the volume of a particular component divided by the sum of all components in the mixture when they are measured separately. Thus, alc/vol is not the same as volume fraction expressed as a percentage. The attraction allows closer spacing between molecules than is usually found in non-polar mixtures. ![]() When water is added to ethanol, the smaller water molecules are attracted to the ethanol's hydroxyl group, and each molecule alters the polarity field of the other. Water and ethanol are both polar solvents. The phenomenon of volume changes due to mixing dissimilar solutions is called " partial molar volume". Mixing pure water with a solution less than 24% by mass causes a slight increase in total volume, whereas the mixing of two solutions above 24% causes a decrease in volume. Mixing two solutions of alcohol of different strengths usually causes a change in volume. Volume change Change in volume with increasing alc/vol. France, alcohol by volume is often referred to as degrees Gay-Lussac (after the French chemist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac), although there is a slight difference since the Gay-Lussac convention uses the International Standard Atmosphere value for temperature, 15 ☌ (59 ☏). The International Organization of Legal Metrology has tables of density of water–ethanol mixtures at different concentrations and temperatures. The number of millilitres of pure ethanol is the mass of the ethanol divided by its density at 20 ☌ (68 ☏), which is 0.78945 g/mL (0.82353 oz/US fl oz 0.79122 oz/imp fl oz 0.45633 oz/cu in). ![]() It is defined as the number of millilitres (mL) of pure ethanol present in 100 mL (3.5 imp fl oz 3.4 US fl oz) of solution at 20 ☌ (68 ☏). The alcohol by volume shown on a bottle of absintheĪlcohol by volume (abbreviated as alc/vol) is a standard measure of how much alcohol ( ethanol) is contained in a given volume of an alcoholic beverage (expressed as a volume percent). For other uses, see ABV (disambiguation). ![]()
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